VLOOKUP

Looks up a value in the first column and returns matching value.

XLOOKUP

Modern lookup function with flexible matching.

LOOKUP

Performs vector lookup in sorted data.

INDEX

Returns value from array by row/column position.

MATCH

Returns relative position of lookup value in a range.

XMATCH

Enhanced MATCH with additional matching/search options.

FIND

Finds text position (case-sensitive).

SEARCH

Finds text position (case-insensitive).